Hot Spot Factsheet
Hot spots, also known as acute moist dermatitis or pyotraumatic dermatitis, are a common skin condition in dogs. They appear as localised areas of inflamed, irritated skin and are often intensely itchy. While hot spots are not usually life threatening, they can be extremely uncomfortable and distressing for dogs.
Certain breeds and environmental conditions can make dogs more prone to developing hot spots, and one of the most challenging aspects of this condition is how quickly it can worsen. What may begin as a small irritated patch, no bigger than a 10 cent piece, can rapidly expand to the size of a small dinner plate within hours.
Early intervention plays a crucial role in managing hot spots and preventing further complications. In this article, we explore the causes, symptoms, and best ways to treat and prevent hot spots, so you can act quickly and confidently if your dog is affected.
What Are Hot Spots?
Hot spots are a common skin condition that affects thousands of dogs across Australia each year. A hot spot is a localised skin infection, medically referred to as superficial pyoderma or pyotraumatic dermatitis. This condition occurs when the skin’s natural protective barrier is damaged, allowing normal skin bacteria to multiply and cause infection.
In the early stages, the affected skin becomes red, moist, and inflamed. As the infection progresses, pus may ooze from the area before drying and forming a crust. Hair loss around the affected site is common, leaving the skin exposed and highly sensitive.
Hot spots can develop very quickly, sometimes within just a few hours, and can cause significant discomfort. While both dogs and cats can be affected, hot spots are far more common in dogs.
What Does a Hot Spot Look Like?
Hot spots typically appear as red, moist, and roughly circular patches of skin. They are often warm to the touch and intensely itchy. In some cases, the area may ooze pus and produce a noticeable odour.
Hair loss around the infected area is common, although it does not occur in every case. Because hot spots are extremely irritating, many dogs will bite, lick, or scratch the area, which can rapidly worsen the infection and cause it to spread.
Signs of a Hot Spot
Common signs to watch for include:
Wet or damp patches of fur
Matted hair that appears slicked down in a round or irregular shape
Red, inflamed, or moist skin
Persistent licking, biting, or scratching of one specific area
Early recognition of these signs is key to preventing the condition from worsening.
What Causes Hot Spots?
Hot spots are usually triggered by an underlying issue that causes irritation or moisture on the skin. Common causes include:
Moisture
Moisture trapped against the skin creates the perfect environment for bacteria to grow. This can occur due to matted fur, thick coats, collars, or after swimming or bathing.Skin irritation
Anything that causes itching can trigger a hot spot. This includes ear infections, eye issues, fleas or other parasites, dental disease, or allergies. Once scratching begins, it often becomes a self-perpetuating cycle, even if the original cause is no longer present.Weather conditions
Hot spots are more common during warm, humid weather, although they can occur at any time of year.Allergies
Chronic or recurring hot spots are often linked to underlying allergic conditions, such as food or environmental allergies.Predisposition
Some dogs are simply more prone to developing hot spots due to their coat type, breed, love of water, or a combination of factors. While not breed specific, hot spots are more common in thick-coated breeds such as Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Rottweilers.
Where Are Hot Spots Most Likely to Occur?
Hot spots most commonly develop around the head, neck, rump, and occasionally along the trunk of the body, although they can occur anywhere.
The location of a hot spot can provide clues about an underlying cause. For example, a hot spot near the ear may indicate an ear infection, with repeated rubbing leading to localised skin damage and infection.
How Do You Treat a Hot Spot?
If you notice a hot spot forming, it is important to see your veterinarian as soon as possible. The longer a dog licks or scratches the area, the larger and more painful the lesion can become.
Treatment focuses on stopping the itch-scratch cycle and addressing any underlying causes. Your veterinarian may clip the hair around the affected area to keep it dry and allow treatments to be applied effectively.
Treatment may include:
Topical creams or sprays applied directly to the hot spot
Anti-inflammatory medication to reduce itching and discomfort
Antibiotics if a bacterial infection is present
An Elizabethan collar, often referred to as a cone or head bucket, may also be recommended to prevent your dog from licking or scratching the area while it heals.
Can a Boarding Facility Prevent a Hot Spot from Occurring?
Unfortunately, hot spots cannot always be prevented, as they often develop due to factors outside the control of a boarding facility. What a high-quality pet resort can do is monitor pets closely for early warning signs and act quickly if a hot spot begins to develop, as early intervention can significantly reduce the severity of the condition.
Key Takeaways
Hot spots are a common skin condition that cannot always be prevented
They can spread and worsen very quickly if left untreated
Early detection and prompt veterinary care are the most effective ways to manage hot spots