Factsheet - Bloat / Gastric Dilation and Volvulus Syndrome (GDV)

What is Bloat/Gastric Dilation and Volvulus Syndrome (GDV)?

Gastric Dilation Volvulus (GDV) or Bloat, represents a rare but extremely dangerous condition affecting dogs. The process begins with stomach distension, where gas and/or food cause the stomach to expand beyond its normal size, creating significant abdominal discomfort. For reasons not completely understood by veterinary science, this severely expanded stomach may then rotate from its normal position, twisting as it turns.

This twisting creates a critical emergency as it cuts off blood circulation to the stomach. Without adequate blood supply, stomach tissue begins to deteriorate rapidly starting a process that can progress from initial symptoms to life-threatening complications in as little as minutes to hours.

Recognising the Signs of Bloat

Be vigilant for these key symptoms that may indicate Bloat:

• Sudden abdominal distension and pain

• Visible distress and anxiety

• Notable changes in behaviour

• Excessive panting

• Inability to settle (pacing, restlessness)

• Unsuccessful attempts to vomit (retching without producing anything)

• Signs of shock (pale gums, rapid heart rate, weakness)

Which Dogs Are at Higher Risk?

While the exact causes of Bloat remain unclear, research has identified several factors that may increase a dog’s susceptibility:

• Deep-chested, large breed dogs

• Advanced age

• Genetic predisposition (family history of Bloat)

• Rapid eating habits

Emergency Treatment for Bloat

A dog showing symptoms of Bloat requires immediate veterinary attention. Without prompt intervention, a dog suffering from a bloated, twisted stomach will likely die within hours. Upon arrival at a veterinary facility, the immediate priorities include decompressing the stomach and addressing shock. Surgical intervention is typically necessary to reposition the stomach correctly.

Can a Pet Boarding Facility Prevent Bloat?

Despite best practices and careful monitoring, boarding facilities cannot eliminate the risk of Bloat occurring. The condition’s origins remain partially unknown to veterinary medicine. While certain risk factors have been identified through research, Bloat can occur unexpectedly without warning signs or predisposing factors, and most cases provide no clear explanation for their onset.

Quality boarding kennels will remain vigilant for potential symptoms and act swiftly if Bloat is suspected, securing immediate veterinary intervention. Pet owners should understand they bear financial responsibility for any required veterinary care. A boarding facility cannot prevent Bloat as the primary risk factors including breed characteristics and eating behaviours fall outside their control.

Prevention Strategies

For dogs at elevated risk (certain breeds or those with previous Bloat episodes), a surgical procedure called gastropexy may be recommended. This preventative surgery attaches the stomach to the abdominal wall to reduce the risk of twisting. For dogs that eat too quickly, specialised slow feeder bowel and plates can help moderate eating pace.

The most crucial preventative measure remains quick response when symptoms appear. Should signs of Bloat develop at any time, day or night, immediate veterinary care is essential.

Key Points to Remember

• Bloat has a high mortality rate and demands immediate veterinary intervention.

• Beyond breed predisposition, the precise triggers of Bloat/GDV remain incompletely understood.

• This condition causes the bloated stomach to rotate, cutting off its blood supply and leading to shock.

• If you observe potential signs of Bloat, seek emergency veterinary care without delay.